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職場(chǎng)英語(yǔ)翻譯
為什么彈性工作制度更利于高效的工作？
It’s no surprise that employees today want flexible hours. What is surprising, though, is that so few employers offer a flexible work schedule. All the while, millions of Americans choose to work part-time jobs so they can have more control over their work and personal lives.
如今的員工們都想要彈性工作時(shí)間，這已經(jīng)不是什么新鮮事了。不過(guò)令人驚訝的是，很少有雇主能夠給出一份彈性工作日程表。一直以來(lái)，美國(guó)人選擇做兼職，這樣他們就更容易掌控工作和私生活。
If you don’t offer flexible working hours and conditions, you’re not only creating an unideal work environment for your employees. You could also be shutting out qualified candidates who won’t settle working for a company with an antiquated working hours policy.
如果你不給出彈性工作的時(shí)間安排和工作條件，那么你給雇員帶來(lái)的就不單單是不理想的工作環(huán)境了。被你拒之門(mén)外的還可能有一些優(yōu)秀的候選人，他們只是不愿在陳舊的工時(shí)制度下埋頭工作。
Why Americans Choose Flexibility Over Money
為什么美國(guó)人把彈性工作看得比薪水還重
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than 20 million Americans actively choose part-time work.
根據(jù)美國(guó)勞動(dòng)統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù)，超過(guò)兩千萬(wàn)的美國(guó)人主動(dòng)選擇兼職工作。
They’re not working fewer hours because they can’t find a full-time position; rather, they’re engaging in a deliberate, careful work-life balance. For most, working part-time is a result of simply not being able to commit to 9-to-5 jobs.
他們的工作時(shí)間并沒(méi)有因?yàn)檎也坏饺毠ぷ鞫鴾p少，相反，他們精打細(xì)算，熱衷于工作和生活之間的平衡。對(duì)多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，兼職只是不被朝九晚五的工作束縛的表現(xiàn)。
For example, they may be college or graduate students who need time to complete assignments. Some part-time employees juggle family obligations, and others are semi-retired.
比方說(shuō)，這些人可能是大學(xué)生或者研究生，他們需要時(shí)間完成自己的學(xué)業(yè)任務(wù)。一些兼職工作者需要承擔(dān)家庭義務(wù)，而另一些是處于半退休狀態(tài)的人。
However, one-third of this demographic - roughly 6 million Americans - choose part-time work so they can follow their passions.
然而，統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中三分之一的人（即大約六百萬(wàn)的美國(guó)人）選擇兼職工作是為了追隨自己的理想。
These workers want to design their own careers. Many are young and college-educated, and they want work that will cater to their lifestyle, which is largely in flux.
這些員工想要制定自己的事業(yè)。其中很多是受過(guò)大學(xué)教育的年輕人，他們希望找一份符合自己生活方式的工作，也就是靈活的工作。
Among this population, the common denominator is simple: They don’t want to work long hours in a job they don’t like.
這些人的準(zhǔn)則很簡(jiǎn)單：他們不希望花很多時(shí)間在不喜歡的工作上。
Too-Strict Hours Are Bad for Business
太嚴(yán)格的時(shí)間安排對(duì)企業(yè)不利
Even though more and more Americans choose part-time work, the percentage of employers offering flexible work has increased only minimally in the past decade - from about 4 to 5 percent.
即使越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)人選擇做兼職，過(guò)去十年來(lái)，提供彈性工作的雇主并沒(méi)有增長(zhǎng)多少——大約只增長(zhǎng)了4到5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
Inflexible hours, especially combined with low wages, place demands on employees that leave them starved for time, both for themselves and for their families.
缺乏彈性的工作時(shí)間，尤其再加上薪水較低，會(huì)讓員工們對(duì)時(shí)間極度渴望，為他們自己，也為了家人。
Simply put, strict hours are bad for business because they’re bad for employees. According to research, it’s hazardous to their health. Stress takes a toll on heart health, blood pressure and getting a good night’s sleep. Spending more than 20 hours awake has the same impact on bodily and mental function as consuming five or six alcoholic drinks.
簡(jiǎn)而言之，嚴(yán)格的時(shí)間安排對(duì)企業(yè)不利，因?yàn)檫@對(duì)員工不利。據(jù)研究，這會(huì)對(duì)他們的健康造成危害。壓力對(duì)心臟、血壓、良好的睡眠都危害重大。超過(guò)20小時(shí)不睡覺(jué)對(duì)身理和心理造成的傷害和飲5到6杯酒是一樣的。
The statistics also show a much more insidious problem: increased likelihood of alcohol abuse. People who work 50 or more hours a week are three times as likely to chronically abuse alcohol than those who don’t.
數(shù)據(jù)還顯示了一個(gè)更為隱蔽的問(wèn)題：酗酒的可能性增加。一星期工作超過(guò)50小時(shí)的人慢性酗酒的可能性是正常工作的人的三倍。
As a result, the economy suffers. Experts estimate that, as a whole, alcohol misuse costs the U.S. economy $223.5 billion every year. Decreased workplace productivity accounts for a staggering 72 percent of the loss.
結(jié)果就是，經(jīng)濟(jì)就受到重創(chuàng)。據(jù)專(zhuān)家預(yù)估，就整體而言，酒精濫用每年使美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)消耗2235億美元，而低下的工作效率造成了其中72%的損失，十分驚人。
Why Offer Flexible Hours
為什么要提供彈性工作時(shí)間
Given the stats, it’s clear that changing the way you structure your startup’s hours is well worth the effort. If you still need convincing, read on for some more reasons to switch to flextime.
基于這些數(shù)據(jù)，很明顯可以看出，改變你公司的時(shí)間安排是值得的。如果你還在猶豫，下文有更多啟用靈活工作時(shí)間的理由。
SMALL COST SAVINGS ADD UP[/en
節(jié)省的開(kāi)支會(huì)積少成多
Consider the cost benefits of shutting down the office entirely for one day every week. During that day, no one is draining utilities like electricity or water - and you’re saving on smaller investments, too, like coffee, paper towels and hand soap.
想想每周辦公室關(guān)閉一天能省下多少開(kāi)銷(xiāo)。在那天里，沒(méi)有人會(huì)消耗水電；咖啡、紙張、紙巾、洗手液等等小型的消耗也可以省下來(lái)。
Employees also save money they would otherwise spend on gas, public transit or going out to lunch. If the work can still get done, what may seem like small cost savings ultimately make a huge difference.
員工也能省下汽油、公交或在外面吃午餐的錢(qián)。如果工作一樣可以完成，省下不起眼的小開(kāi)支最終將帶來(lái)很大的改變。
WHEN MENTAL HEALTH IMPROVES, SO DOES MORALE
心理健康狀況的提升，也會(huì)增強(qiáng)斗志
Giving people space and time away from the office allows them to catch up on truly necessary activities, such as spending time with their families and getting enough sleep. When employees feel refreshed, they’re much happier to come to work.
為員工提供辦公室之外的時(shí)間和空間能讓他們投入到真正必要的活動(dòng)中去，比如花時(shí)間陪陪家人以及好好睡一覺(jué)。當(dāng)員工覺(jué)得煥然一新的時(shí)候，就更樂(lè)于回到工作當(dāng)中了。
RECRUITING CAPABLE EMPLOYEES IS EASIER
更容易招到能力強(qiáng)的員工
When one of the perks you can offer is a flexible work schedule, you’ll be able to find competent people to help your business be the best they can be - and you’ll beat out your competitors in the process.
當(dāng)員工福利包括彈性工時(shí)制度時(shí)，你可以招到更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的人來(lái)幫助企業(yè)達(dá)到最佳狀態(tài)，你也能在此過(guò)程中擊敗競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。
MOST IMPORTANTLY, PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES
最為重要的是，效率提高了
When coming to work is about more than showing up, things get done. As an employer, one great way to offer flexibility is to allow your employees to work remotely when you don’t need them at the office, or to work nontraditional hours.
當(dāng)來(lái)到公司不是僅僅為了混個(gè)出勤率，事情就更容易搞定了。作為雇主，一個(gè)提供彈性工作的好方法就是在員工不需要出現(xiàn)在辦公室的時(shí)候允許遠(yuǎn)程工作或者允許非傳統(tǒng)指定的工作時(shí)間。
When the employer’s focus is on the work being done, the employees can focus on meeting deadlines and producing good work - not on watching the clock tick the seconds until it’s time to go home. The luxury of the nontraditional schedule reduces stress - and when stress doesn’t get in the way, your startup will benefit.
當(dāng)雇主的關(guān)注點(diǎn)在于完成工作時(shí)，員工也就把重心放在及時(shí)、高質(zhì)量地完成工作，而不是盯著時(shí)鐘一秒一秒地過(guò)去、等著下班。享受非傳統(tǒng)時(shí)間安排能夠減少壓力，而當(dāng)壓力不再作祟，你的公司就能從中獲益。
Allowing employees to work flexible hours doesn’t mean they’re allowed to stop showing up. Consider these ideas for restructuring the way you work your startup. The bottom line is that tangible results are the goal. Many employees find it helps tremendously when they can complete tasks efficiently, but in their own way.
允許彈性工作并不代表員工可以完全不出現(xiàn)。考慮一下這些調(diào)整公司運(yùn)營(yíng)方法的建議。最關(guān)鍵的是，實(shí)際的成果才是最終目標(biāo)。許多雇員發(fā)現(xiàn)這對(duì)高效完成工作非常有幫助，不過(guò)是以他們自己的方式。
文化大觀園：為什么英國(guó)人喜歡說(shuō)sorry？
A survey reveals that the average British person will say 'sorry' more than 1.9 million times in their lifetime.
一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國(guó)人一生說(shuō)“對(duì)不起”的平均次數(shù)有每人190多萬(wàn)次之多。
Of course, 'sorry' has a multitude of uses in this country. It might be deployed apologetically in response to stepping on someone's foot or indignantly in response to them stepping on your foot - or sarcastically in response to them glaring at you for stepping on their foot. In the U.S., there are no such nuances. Over there, 'sorry' tends to mean sorry.
當(dāng)然，“對(duì)不起”這個(gè)詞在英國(guó)能發(fā)揮多重功能。或許你不小心踩著了某人的腳所以想表示歉意，或者你被別人踩到自己的腳，所以要表示憤慨，抑或當(dāng)你踩到了別人的腳，對(duì)方對(duì)你吹胡子瞪眼時(shí)表示諷刺。美國(guó)人可沒(méi)這么多講究。在美國(guó)，“對(duì)不起”一般僅指對(duì)不起。
Evidently, the word 'whinge' has been in steady use in Britain since the 1500s, possibly because we haven't stopped whingeing since.
眾所周知，“抱怨（whinge）”這個(gè)詞自16世紀(jì)以來(lái)就成為英國(guó)人的常用語(yǔ)匯，這或許是因?yàn)樽赃@個(gè)詞誕生以來(lái)，我們就從未停止過(guò)抱怨。
Yet we are no good at actual complaining. '[The British] habitually refuse to tackle an issue head on,' 'A common response to "How are you?" in Britain is "Can't complain".'
然而真正抱怨的時(shí)候我們又乏于技巧。“（英國(guó)人）習(xí)慣性的在遇到問(wèn)題的時(shí)候拒絕正面處理問(wèn)題。”“當(dāng)被問(wèn)及‘你好嗎’（How are you）時(shí)，英國(guó)人的慣常回答是‘還算好。’（Can't complain）”。
It's quite true: we can't. Not nearly as well as our more direct transatlantic cousins, anyway. As Moore observes: 'If you ever accidentally cut someone in a line in Britain, what you’ll hear will be grumbling, whingeing, under-the-breath comments and sighs: the barely audible sounds of half-a-dozen people deciding, all at once, not to confront you.
的確如此，我們的確不能夠正確的抱怨。這一點(diǎn)與大西洋彼岸那些性情直率的美國(guó)兄弟不盡相同。摩爾教授據(jù)自己的觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，“在英國(guó)，如果你無(wú)意間插隊(duì)到別人的前面，你只會(huì)聽(tīng)到小聲的埋怨、嘀咕、耳語(yǔ)式的指摘和嘆氣聲：被你插隊(duì)的半打英國(guó)人都會(huì)在瞬間決定不與你正面沖突，而只用勉強(qiáng)聽(tīng)到的聲音發(fā)泄不滿(mǎn)。
'While an American might just say: "Hey, buddy - the end of the line is over there."
“而一位美國(guó)人則會(huì)說(shuō)，‘嘿，老兄，隊(duì)伍的末尾在那兒！”
Howerver, I’m gratified to learn that millions of Americans, in turn, have adopted the British way of using 'cheers' to mean thanks or goodbye.
不過(guò)，令人欣慰的是，我發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)以百萬(wàn)的美國(guó)人反過(guò)來(lái)學(xué)會(huì)了英國(guó)人用“cheers”來(lái)表示感謝或告別。
Moore quotes a British banker living in New York, who says: 'I'm getting sick of my clients saying "Cheers" to me. Americans say "Cheers" with too much enthusiasm. It must be delivered laconically.'
摩爾教授引用了一位居住在紐約的英國(guó)銀行家的話(huà)，他說(shuō)到，‘我的顧客總會(huì)對(duì)我說(shuō)‘Cheers’，對(duì)此我不得不感到厭煩。美國(guó)人對(duì)‘Cheers’這個(gè)詞太有熱情了。這個(gè)詞本應(yīng)用得更加簡(jiǎn)明直接。”
工作效率低？也許是辦公室空氣的錯(cuò)
Working in a well-ventilated 'green' office can help boost your brainpower, researchers have found.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，通風(fēng)良好的“綠色”辦公室有助于提升腦力。
People whose desk space is well ventilated with below average indoor pollution and carbon dioxide levels, showed more ability to think, understand, remember and learn, according to a study.
一項(xiàng)研究稱(chēng)，在辦公桌通風(fēng)條件良好，室內(nèi)空氣污染和二氧化碳水平均低于平均水平的地方，人們表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的思考、理解、記憶和學(xué)習(xí)能力。
It suggests that the indoor environmental quality can have a profound impact on the decision-making and performance of workers.
這表明，室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量對(duì)員工的決策力和工作表現(xiàn)有很大的影響。
Researchers at Harvard looked at the decision making abilities of 24 people, who were exposed to different indoor working conditions over six days.
哈佛大學(xué)的研究人員觀察了24個(gè)人的決策能力，這些人在不同室內(nèi)環(huán)境下工作了六天的時(shí)間。
The findings, published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives, showed those with higher levels of pollutants were less able.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：污染物水平越高，人們的決策能力越低，這一研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《環(huán)境健康展望》期刊上。
Participants scored an average 61 percent higher while working in buildings with low pollution levels, compared to days working in a conventional building.
研究參與者在污染程度較低的辦公大樓工作時(shí)的得分平均比在常規(guī)辦公大樓工作時(shí)高了61%。
They were tested on everything from basic tasks to crisis response and information seeking.
他們進(jìn)行了各種各樣的測(cè)試，包括完成基本任務(wù)、危機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)和尋求信息的能力。
When low carbon dioxide levels were combined with lower pollutants in buildings, cognitive scores were 101 percent higher than in conventional buildings, which researchers said was significant as it is not typically thought of as a direct indoor pollutant.
在二氧化碳含量低而且室內(nèi)污染物少時(shí)，研究參與者的認(rèn)知能力得分比在常規(guī)辦公室里時(shí)高出101%。研究人員稱(chēng)這一發(fā)現(xiàn)十分重要，因?yàn)橥ǔＨ藗儾⒉徽J(rèn)為二氧化碳是直接的室內(nèi)污染物。
Dr Joseph Allen, director of the healthy buildings program at the Harvard Centre for Health and the Global Environment, said it was an area that had been largely ignored.
哈佛大學(xué)健康和全球環(huán)境中心（Harvard Centre for Health and the Global Environment）的約瑟夫·艾倫（Joseph Allen）博士說(shuō)，一直以來(lái)這都是個(gè)很大程度上被人們忽視的地方。
'We spend 90 per cent of our time indoors and 90 per cent of the costs of a building are (related to) the occupants, yet indoor environmental quality and its impact on health and productivity are often an afterthought,' he said.
他說(shuō)：“我們90%的時(shí)間都是在室內(nèi)，一棟建筑90%的花費(fèi)都與居住使用者有關(guān)，但是我們卻常常在事后才考慮室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量和它對(duì)健康以及生產(chǎn)力的影響。”
'These results suggest even modest improvements to indoor environmental quality may have a profound impact on the decision making performance of workers.'
“這些研究結(jié)果表明，即使只對(duì)室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量稍加改善，也可能對(duì)員工的決策能力和工作表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。”
The findings follow British research which found having plants in offices boosts productivity by 15 per cent by making workers more physically, cognitively and emotionally involved in their jobs.
此前，英國(guó)有研究表明在辦公室擺放植物可以使員工在身體、認(rèn)知和情感上都更投入工作，從而提高15%的生產(chǎn)力。哈佛大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)支持了這一結(jié)論。
Vocabulary
well-ventilated：通風(fēng)良好的
carbon dioxide：二氧化碳
cognitive：認(rèn)知的
工作場(chǎng)景移步換景，室外職業(yè)可實(shí)現(xiàn)
Do you love being out in the fresh air all the time? Does the idea of being stuck inside at work for at least eight hours a day make you want to cry? Some people aren't cut out for office work or other jobs that would force them to spend all their time, or at least much of it, indoors. If you are one of them, these outdoor jobs may be for you. Beware though: working outside means being exposed to inclement weather or other bad conditions at times.
你非常喜歡享受在戶(hù)外呼吸新鮮空氣的時(shí)刻嗎？如果讓你留在辦公室里工作至少8個(gè)小時(shí)，你會(huì)不會(huì)聽(tīng)到就想哭？有些人無(wú)法從辦公室，或其他迫使他們長(zhǎng)期待在室內(nèi)的工作中抽離出來(lái)。如果你是其中一員，那么下面介紹的室外職業(yè)就是為你而設(shè)的。請(qǐng)清楚明白：在室外工作意味著時(shí)不時(shí)會(huì)遇到惡劣的天氣或其他不良狀況。
Mason
石匠技師
Masons use concrete blocks, bricks or natural stones to build structures like walkways, walls and fences. You can train for this occupation by doing an apprenticeship sponsored by a local union or contractor association. This combines practical and classroom training.
石匠技師們利用混凝土磚，石磚或天然石材建造諸如走道，墻壁和柵欄等的構(gòu)筑物。你可以通過(guò)本地工會(huì)或承包機(jī)構(gòu)的資助修煉這一門(mén)職業(yè)的學(xué)徒技能。此項(xiàng)職業(yè)需要實(shí)際操作與課堂培訓(xùn)。
Agricultural Manager
農(nóng)業(yè)管理員
Agricultural managers oversee the operation of farms, ranches, nurseries and similar businesses. They supervise workers who tend to daily tasks. Although a lot of their time is spent outdoors, agricultural managers also work in offices where they plan budgets, keep records, arrange for maintenance of equipment and purchase supplies. Training often takes place on the job but some individuals earn college degrees in agriculture.
農(nóng)業(yè)管理員監(jiān)督農(nóng)場(chǎng)，牧場(chǎng)，苗圃以及類(lèi)似業(yè)務(wù)的運(yùn)作。他們也管理照料日常事務(wù)的員工。雖然他們大多數(shù)的時(shí)間都在室外，但是他們也會(huì)在辦公室里處理計(jì)劃預(yù)算，存檔備案，安排設(shè)備維護(hù)以及購(gòu)買(mǎi)儲(chǔ)備物品等事宜。該項(xiàng)職業(yè)一般寓培訓(xùn)于工作，不過(guò)某些獨(dú)立的個(gè)人也會(huì)通過(guò)考取農(nóng)業(yè)方面相關(guān)的大學(xué)文憑獲得知識(shí)。
EMT and Paramedic
緊急醫(yī)師與緊急救護(hù)員
EMTs and paramedics spend their days traveling in an ambulance to treat patients who are injured or have suddenly become ill. They must work wherever the event has occurred, which may be in someone's home, but could be on the side of a busy highway or somewhere else outdoors.To become an EMT you will have to do postsecondary training at a community college or technical institute and then become licensed by the state in which you want to work. You will need to earn an associate degree if you decide to become a paramedic.
緊急醫(yī)師和緊急救護(hù)員們?cè)诰茸o(hù)車(chē)上度過(guò)他們的每一天，照料每一位受傷或突然發(fā)病的患者。他們必須在事件發(fā)生的第一時(shí)間待命，有可能在某個(gè)人的家里，也有可能是繁忙的高速公路上或其他室外的場(chǎng)所。想要成為一名緊急醫(yī)師，你必須接受專(zhuān)科學(xué)院或技術(shù)院校的高等教育才能獲得相關(guān)的從業(yè)資格證。如果你想成為一名緊急救護(hù)員，你需要獲得一個(gè)修滿(mǎn)相關(guān)課程的肄業(yè)證書(shū)。
Glazier
玻璃工匠
Glaziers cut, fit, install and repair glass in residential and commercial buildings. They often work outdoors, standing on scaffolds and ladders as they install windows and glass plates on buildings. This requires them to be strong and have good balance. Typically you can train for this occupation by becoming an apprenticeglazier.
玻璃工匠門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)玻璃的切割，嵌套，安裝，以及住宅區(qū)以及商業(yè)大廈的玻璃修復(fù)工作。他們常常在室外作業(yè)，站在腳手架和梯子上安裝窗戶(hù)和玻璃板。這項(xiàng)工作要求他們擁有強(qiáng)壯的體魄和很好的平衡感。通常你可以通過(guò)成為學(xué)徒玻璃工匠參與這項(xiàng)職業(yè)的培訓(xùn)。
Conservationist
自然資源保護(hù)者
Conservationists, also called soil and water conservationists or conservation scientists, look for ways to use natural resources that do not harm the environment. While they spend some time in offices, they must also work outdoors where they are exposed to inclement weather, poisonous plants and stinging or biting insects. If you want to work in this field you will have to get a bachelor's degree in environmental science, biology, forestry, agronomy or agricultural science.
自然資源保護(hù)者，也被稱(chēng)為水土資源保護(hù)者或環(huán)境保護(hù)科學(xué)家，致力于尋找利用自然資源的而不損害環(huán)境的方法。雖然他們偶爾在辦公室里工作，但他們還必須在那些遭受惡劣天氣侵襲，接觸有毒植物以及蚊蟲(chóng)叮咬的戶(hù)外環(huán)境工作。如果你想在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域里工作，你需要獲得環(huán)境科學(xué)，生物學(xué)，森林學(xué)，農(nóng)學(xué)或農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)等專(zhuān)業(yè)相關(guān)的學(xué)士文憑。
Construction or Building Inspector
施工檢查員或建筑檢驗(yàn)員
Construction and building inspectors make sure that new and existing construction meets state’s and local codes, zoning regulations and ordinances. They inspect houses, office buildings, roads, bridges, tunnels and dams. Many of their tasks demand being at worksites, but some involve tending to tasks in an office. You can often work as an inspector if you have work experience in the construction trades. If you don't have this type of background, you may be able to enter this field after taking courses in architecture or engineering or getting an associate degree with courses in building inspection and construction technology.
施工檢查員或建筑檢查員得確保新建的，以及現(xiàn)有的建筑必須達(dá)到國(guó)家或地方法規(guī)，土地規(guī)劃規(guī)定和法令的要求。他們巡視檢查房屋，辦公大樓，道路，橋梁，隧道以及大壩的建設(shè)。他們的主要任務(wù)要求他們必須深入建筑工地，不過(guò)也有一些別的任務(wù)需要他們?cè)谵k公室里處理。如果你有相關(guān)施工工種的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，你就可以成為一名檢驗(yàn)員。如果你并沒(méi)有相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)，你也可以通過(guò)參與建筑學(xué)或工程學(xué)的相關(guān)課程，或獲得建筑檢查和建筑工藝學(xué)方面的肄業(yè)證書(shū)，從而加入這個(gè)行列。
HVAC Technician
空調(diào)技師
HVAC technicians install, maintain or repair heating and cooling systems. Some people who work in this occupation specialize in one or the other, and in either installing, maintaining or repairing it. Work usually keeps HVAC technicians indoors, but some jobs take them outdoors where they may have to work in bad weather. If you want to become an HVAC technician, find an apprenticeship through a local union.
空調(diào)技師的職責(zé)包括安裝和維修暖氣和制冷系統(tǒng)。有些在這領(lǐng)域工作的人會(huì)專(zhuān)門(mén)研究其中一個(gè)方面，要么具有純熟的安裝技術(shù)，要么具備特別的維護(hù)要領(lǐng)，要么獨(dú)具修理的本事。通常空調(diào)技師在室內(nèi)作業(yè)，不過(guò)有些工作也會(huì)需要他們?cè)谑彝庾鳂I(yè)，有時(shí)候還會(huì)遭遇惡劣的天氣。如果你想成為一名空調(diào)技師，那就在本地工會(huì)尋找相關(guān)的學(xué)徒機(jī)會(huì)吧。
Television News Reporter
電視新聞播報(bào)員
Television news reporters investigate and report stories to viewers. Their work includes conducting interviews and observing events outdoors where they are frequently exposed to inclement weather. It is likely you will need to earn a bachelor's degree in journalism or mass communication if you want to work as a TV reporter but some employers might hire you if you have a degree in another subject.
電視新聞播報(bào)員負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)查并向觀眾報(bào)道新聞內(nèi)容。他們的工作包括安排新聞方案，以及在室外調(diào)查事件，因此也會(huì)常常受到惡劣天氣的打擊。如果你想成為一名電視播報(bào)員你很有可能需要在新聞專(zhuān)業(yè)或大眾傳媒專(zhuān)業(yè)上獲得相關(guān)的學(xué)士文憑，不過(guò)也有一些雇主也會(huì)因?yàn)槟阍趧e的專(zhuān)業(yè)的文憑而雇用你。
Hydrologist
水文工程師
Hydrologists, who are experts in the earth's most basic resource, water, solve problems including flooding and drought. Their work takes them outdoors where they must wade into lakes andrivers to collect samples. They also spend some time in offices analyzing data on computers. While you might be able to find work as a hydrologist with a bachelor's degree, your chances are much better if you earn a master's degree in environmental science, engineering or geoscience, with a concentration in hydrology.
水文工程師，專(zhuān)注于研究地球最基本的資源，水資源，解決水旱災(zāi)害等問(wèn)題。他們的工作性質(zhì)要求他們?cè)谑彝夤ぷ鳎虼怂麄儽仨毎仙嬗诤恿骱粗g收集水源樣本。他們還得花時(shí)間在辦公室使用電腦分析數(shù)據(jù)。你可以通過(guò)學(xué)士文憑獲得一份水文工程師的職業(yè)，不過(guò)如果你獲得環(huán)境科學(xué)，工程學(xué)或地理科學(xué)等專(zhuān)業(yè)的碩士文憑，并且專(zhuān)攻水文科學(xué)，那么你成為水文工程師的機(jī)會(huì)就更大。
Assessor
評(píng)稅主任
Assessors analyze the values of groups of homes for the purpose of determining how much property tax owners have to pay. To evaluate properties, they conduct site visits. A lot of time is spent in the office as well. Educational requirements are typically set by state assessor boards or by individual municipalities if a state board does not exist.
評(píng)稅主任負(fù)責(zé)分析房屋的價(jià)值，從而確定財(cái)產(chǎn)稅所有者需要支付的稅款額度。為了評(píng)估所有者的財(cái)產(chǎn)，他們需要進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)研。他們也會(huì)花很多時(shí)間在辦公室里處理業(yè)務(wù)。職業(yè)的教育背景要求通常由當(dāng)?shù)氐脑u(píng)估理事會(huì)設(shè)定，或者在沒(méi)有理事會(huì)的情況下則由市政當(dāng)局決定。
男性會(huì)對(duì)自己工作量撒謊
Men Lie About How Much They Work in Order to Have Work-Life Balance
男性會(huì)對(duì)自己工作量撒謊
When we think about work-life balance, it's easy to default to imagining a working mother trying to balance the demands of home and family with her commitment to her professional growth. But, men yearn for work-life balance too. However, the methods they use to achieve this balance differ from the strategies employed by women.
當(dāng)我們談到工作與生活平衡的話(huà)題，自然而然會(huì)聯(lián)想到在職媽媽竭力去平衡家庭的需要和自己職場(chǎng)晉升的決心。但是，男性也渴望工作與生活的平衡，只是他們?yōu)橹Φ姆椒ㄅc女性不同。
Erin Reid, an assistant professor at Boston University's Questrom School of business recently conducted a fascinating study on the topic. Let's take a closer look at the findings.
來(lái)自波士頓大學(xué)商學(xué)院的副教授Erin Reid最近做了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的研究。讓我們來(lái)看下研究的結(jié)果：
1. The pressure is on for everyone.
男性和女性都會(huì)有工作壓力
Reid conducted her study at a global strategy consulting firm. As is typical in the industry, consultants were expected to travel and work evenings and weekends on short notice, they were also expected to put in long hours and demonstrate an abundant and unrelenting devotion to the firm, one that supersedes other life commitments.
Reid在一個(gè)全球性的戰(zhàn)略咨詢(xún)公司開(kāi)展的這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。眾所周知，這行的顧問(wèn)經(jīng)常因?yàn)榕R時(shí)通知，就要去出差或者在晚上和周末加班。公司總是希望他們花盡量多的時(shí)間在工作上，為公司鞠躬盡瘁，認(rèn)為這比生活中其他東西都重要。
2. Men and women cope differently.
2.男人和女人處理壓力的方法不同。
Reid found that women tended to take accommodations such as reducing their hours, therefore revealing that they weren't always hitting the high mark expected by the firm. Men, on the other hand, found ways around the expectations, cultivating mostly local clients in order to avoid travel, or leaning on others to cover for them when they were away from the office.
Reid發(fā)現(xiàn)女性會(huì)稍微減少自己的工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)，但這樣顯得她們的行為似乎與公司的期望相悖。而男性則會(huì)找機(jī)會(huì)打擦邊球，為了避免出差找當(dāng)?shù)氐目蛻?hù)，不在公司時(shí)也會(huì)讓其他人幫忙打掩護(hù)。
3. Women's honesty didn't help them professionally, and the men's tactics made it worse.
職場(chǎng)上女性的誠(chéng)實(shí)對(duì)她們并無(wú)幫助，男性的小伎倆也使女性更加不利
Reid found that women were far more likely to seek accommodations or ask for greater flexibility in order to help them achieve the work-life balance their personal lives demanded. Men, on the other hand, were much more apt to find ways around the system without revealing that they were falling short of expectations.
Reid發(fā)現(xiàn)職場(chǎng)女性更希望工作時(shí)間更彈性以滿(mǎn)足她們平衡個(gè)人工作與生活的需求。男性則總是借助其他方法打擦邊球，從來(lái)不顯露自己并不符合公司期望的方面。
So, what can we take away from this? The most immediate idea might be that either men have to stop lying about when and how they're working, or women need to adopt the habit of fudging the facts a little on their end.
那么，我們?cè)撛趺唇鉀Q這個(gè)現(xiàn)狀？最現(xiàn)成的方法是男性不要在他們工作上夸大其詞，女性也不要養(yǎng)成這種捏造工作量的習(xí)慣。
時(shí)間都去哪兒了！6個(gè)妙招巧用時(shí)間提高效率
We all like to think that we’re constantly pressed for time, but the reality is that most of us waste this vast resource simply by remaining unaware of how we spend our days. So if you need to find more time in your day check out the following six tips on how to get more done in less time:
我們都常常認(rèn)為自己總是沒(méi)有時(shí)間，其實(shí)大多數(shù)人只是不懂得如何利用時(shí)間，而白白浪費(fèi)掉了時(shí)間這一寶貴的資源。如果你希望在自己的一天中擠出更多的時(shí)間，看看下面這6條貼士，它們會(huì)告訴你如何用更短的時(shí)間做出更多的事情。
Tip #1 – Set your alarm clock earlier
把鬧鐘調(diào)早一點(diǎn)
Yeah, yeah – this is the one tip that nobody ever wants to hear… But here’s the thing – if the rest of your day is already packed full of productive work, you’re going to be hard-pressed to free up as much time throughout your day as you can by waking up earlier in the morning. Even getting to the office a half hour ahead of your coworkers can give you the quiet time needed to start your day off on a productive note.
我懂得，沒(méi)有人愿意聽(tīng)從這個(gè)建議，可是你想啊，如果你一天中余下的時(shí)間里已經(jīng)排滿(mǎn)了要求高效率的工作任務(wù)，除非你早晨起早一點(diǎn)，否則你很難在一天中擠出那么多自由的時(shí)間。哪怕只是比同事早半個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)辦公室，你就能獲得一段安寧的時(shí)間，讓你以高效的狀態(tài)開(kāi)啟一天的工作。
Tip #2 – Lay out your clothes at night
晚上把要穿的衣服拿出來(lái)
Morning indecision about what you’ll wear is a huge time-waster, so take a few minutes each evening to lay out the clothing you’ll wear the next day. If you’ll be hitting the gym before you’re home again, setting out your gym clothing as well will help you to save time and avoid forgetting important items.
一大早為今天穿什么衣服而糾結(jié)，這會(huì)浪費(fèi)掉你很多的時(shí)間。所以，你可以每天晚上花上幾分鐘時(shí)間，把自己第二天要穿的衣服拿出來(lái)。如果你打算回家之前去一下健身房，還要把運(yùn)動(dòng)服也拿好，這樣會(huì)幫你節(jié)省時(shí)間，也能避免臨時(shí)找不到必備的衣飾。
Tip #3 – Prep meal ingredients ahead of time
事先準(zhǔn)備好做飯的食材
Taking the time to do as much of your meal prep work ahead of time as possible can save you some major time – not to mention help you avoid unhealthy “eating out because you don’t have the energy to prep and cook a meal” trips.
在飯點(diǎn)之前盡可能多的做好烹調(diào)的準(zhǔn)備工作，這樣能為你節(jié)省很多的時(shí)間——更不用說(shuō)還能避免你又自欺欺人的對(duì)自己說(shuō)“下館子是因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有精力準(zhǔn)備食材烹飪食物”了。
Tip #4 – Opt for public transportation
選擇搭乘公共交通工具
When you drive to work, you can’t send email messages, finish up a set of business documents or watch training videos. If you have the option to take public transportation, consider doing so and use the spare minutes you’ve found to catch up on business tasks before you arrive at the office.
如果你開(kāi)車(chē)去上班，你就不能在通勤的時(shí)間里發(fā)信息，整理商務(wù)文件或者學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)視頻了。如果你可以選擇搭乘公共交通工具，考慮一下這個(gè)建議，這樣你就能利用這段時(shí)間熟悉一下這一天的工作任務(wù)，進(jìn)入辦公室的時(shí)候你已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了。
Tip #5 – Start each day with a pre-made “to do” list
讓一張寫(xiě)好的“需處理事宜”清單開(kāi)啟你的每一天
If you’re arriving at your office without a clear vision of what you must accomplish throughout the day, you’re already wasting time! Instead, take a few minutes before you leave the office each night to write a list of the 1-3 most important things you must do the next day.
如果你每天走進(jìn)辦公室的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有一張清晰明了的清單，告訴你這一天要完成哪些事情，你已經(jīng)開(kāi)始浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了！與此相反，你可以每晚離開(kāi)辦公室之前花幾分鐘的時(shí)間寫(xiě)張單子，列出第二天你要做的1-3件最重要的事情。
Tip #6 – Wear headphones to minimize distractions
帶上耳機(jī)，減少干擾
Having fun coworkers is great – until you need to actually get work done. If you can’t seem to stop gossiping with colleagues when you should be handling the items on your “to do” list, invest in a comfortable pair of headphones and wear them – music on or off – until you’re finished. People are often more reluctant to interrupt those wearing headphones.
擁有一群逗比的同事固然是極好的——直到你不得不完成工作的時(shí)候，如果你一跟同事聊八卦就停不下來(lái)，卻本應(yīng)該去處理“應(yīng)處理事宜”上的事物，不如花點(diǎn)錢(qián)去買(mǎi)一對(duì)舒適的耳機(jī)，帶上它們——聽(tīng)或者不聽(tīng)音樂(lè)都可以——直到你做完工作。人們往往會(huì)對(duì)打擾那些帶著耳機(jī)的人更有所顧慮。
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